In july 2011, south sudan was granted independence and became the worlds newest country. This report examines how the political and security dynamics surrounding south sudan s civil war underscore the shifting political and security fault lines in the horn of africa, their impact on us interests, and their consequences for us efforts to. One of the most startling discoveries i made as a child of about was. Following its independence in 2011, three years of civil war have left south sudan on the cusp of fullscale genocide, with its sovereignty discredited by warring elites, asserts a new. Nimiriano has sat watch over a paper that is both a record of the young countrys immense turmoil and an institution struggling to. Learn about the civil war in south sudan, sanctions imposed by the united states and europe, and other recent developments on cfrs global conflict tracker. Aid groups say all parties in south sudans civil war are guilty of sexual violence against women. It caused forced migration of people inside the sudan as idps, across the.
The second civil war ended with the signing of the comprehensive peace agreement that was put. The cold war played an important role in the sudanese civil wars, particularly in the first war 19561978. Yet just twoandahalf years after this momentous decision, the country was in the grips of renewed civil war and political strife. Since south sudan s official language is english, and it is also one of the republics official languages, western literature was influential for sudanese writers. Congress forces, and the new south brigade the military balance, 20032004. The second civil war led by the sudan peoples liberation movementarmy splma was more intense than the first one. Until recently sudanese literature both south sudanese and from the republic of the sudan was in the form of oral stories and narrative poems. Womens horror rape stories in south sudans bentiu al. Machar denied trying to start a coup and fled to lead the splm in opposition splmio. Other minor rebel groups include the shilluk, bari, zande, balanda etc. Young tells a sad story about sudan and south sudan, about human nature and american. Aug 06, 2018 1978 oil discovered in unity state in southern sudan second civil war.
The untold story from independence to civil war hilde f. New fiction from the new nation of south sudan by nyuol lueth tong, what is the what by dave eggers, th. Although americans see little of south sudan on the nightly news, for nearly five years south sudanese civilians have been subjected to mass killing, widespread sexual violence, torture, and other atrocities. The new civil war in south sudan began in december 20. Born out of brutality, south sudan, the worlds youngest. An estimated 383,000 people have died as a result of south sudan s civil war, according to a new report that documents the extraordinary scale of devastation after five years of fighting in the. South sudan marks 5 years of vicious civil war abc news. The south sudanese civil war was a conflict in south sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces. At this particular moment, the main parties involved in the ongoing civil war are troops of president salva kiir representing the government and the opposing forces are of former vice president machar. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. May 15, 2019 i was lucky to grow up in khartoum in a house filled with books, at a time when sudans public libraries flourished.
Womens horror rape stories in south sudan s bentiu. From the west, we observe countries of civil war, famine, and institutional degradation with a bewildered, hopeless eye. World vision helps the people of south sudan get back on their feet through agriculture. Books, periodical writings and papers of learned societies, maps and. In the first booklength study of the south sudan civil war, john young draws on his close but. The civil war in south sudan has resulted in some of the most severe, deliberate violence against civilians since the rwandan genocide.
As its implementation faltered, violence between factions broke out again in july 2016, setting back the peace process once again. Douglas johnsons the root causes of sudan s civil wars was an informative and interesting read. Hilde f johnson authors book about south sudan crisis. Mar 03, 2017 south sudans civil war sparks africas largest refugee crisis nearly half a million south sudanese have fled into northern uganda since last july, carrying with them signs of abuse, famine and. Almost as many people have died in south sudan s civil war as in syrias, and in less time. In south sudan there are a total of 64 different ethnic groups. Civil war broke out again in 1983 when the sudanese president, gaafar nimeiry, violated the agreement by attempting to create a federated sudan, including states in the south.
The second sudan war 19832005 ended with the independence of south sudan. In tracing historical continuities, it outlines the essential differences between the modern sudan s first civil war in the 1960s and today, including an analysis of the escalation of the darfur war, implementation of the 2005 peace agreement and implications of the southern referendum in 2011 and the new war in sudan s new south and south sudan. Religious identity was an important, but not the only, dividing line between the northern and southern regions during both sudanese civil wars. The children of south sudan s war face hunger, rape and other violence on their long, oftensolitary walks to safety obede lutana, an orphan who found himself alone in a war zone after his. It soon proved to be a disaster for the population, a threat to the integrity of the worlds youngest state and an embarrassment and. The bold recommendations made in ending south sudans civil war. The first sudanese civil war also known as the anyanya rebellion or anyanya i, after the name of the rebels, a term in the madi language which means snake venom was a conflict from 1955 to 1972 between the northern part of sudan and the southern sudan region that demanded representation and more regional autonomy. Institute of peace, june 2011, filesresourcessr278. Parents living in regional victoria tell stories, inspired by children. In december 20, president kiir accused his former deputy riek machar and ten others of attempting a coup detat. War is a dirty business the testimonies of refugees from the former south sudanese state of central equatoria speak of attacked and looted villages, raped women, and young children forcibly enlisted in rebel troops.
Collection of stories and testimonials of life in wartorn south sudan, with. How south sudans civil war has impacted children and teens. Inside south sudans civil war jump to media player the bbc gains rare access to the worlds youngest nation, torn apart by five years of civil war. The first sudanese civil war south african history online. South sudan s civil war is one of the most brutal and destructive conflicts of the 21st century. This war lasted over two decades and came to an end with the. Life is characterised in the postcpa southern sudan by uneasy.
The anyanya guerrilla forces spread the war throughout the southern region. South sudan s referendum on selfdetermination and subsequent independence in 2011. The speech of hilde johnson during the launch of her book, south sudan. The protracted civil war has altered the nature of traditional conflicts in southern sudan. At 11 years old, the sudanese civil war reached his village and separated salva from his family. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Prior to independence, the unified sudan had fought two civil wars. South sudan conflict analysis brief south sudan, the worlds youngest nation, continues to struggle despite the august 2015 signature of a peace agreement. Johnson served as special representative of the secretarygeneral and head of the united nations mission in the republic of south sudan from july 2011 until july. Following this war, sudan was distanced from the west while soviets. Pdf south sudans civil war will not end with a peace deal. Kate almquist knopf ending south sudan s civil war.
With the south sudanese conflict in its fifth year in 2018, this paper seeks to not only examine the status of the civil war that has engulfed the youngest nation on earth but to also discuss the. Aug 17, 2016 in this extract from her book south sudan. South sudan remains one of the most dangerous places to be an aid worker. Born out of brutality, south sudan, the worlds youngest state, drowns in murder, rape and arson displaced families reach nyal after spending several weeks hiding in. A full story of the founding and development of splmspla.
Could some of the atrocities and misery caused by the war. The untold story from independence to civil war, on june 21, 2016, at the school of oriental and african studies soas, university of london, hilde f. Fleeing the homeland sudanese stories nsw migration. Oct 30, 2017 an ongoing civil war in south sudan has left children and teens especially vulnerable.
The untold story from independence to civil war by hilde f. The untold story from independence to civil war, hilde f. In this book, she provides an unparalleled insiders account of south sudans descent from the ecstatic celebrations of july 2011 to the outbreak of the disastrous. The civilian population is starving, and theft and plunder are the order of the day, legitimizing illegality. North and south sudan boundary state boundary county boundary river dam shaded areas of con. I enjoyed it because it gave me insights into the current crisis and why the south sudanese still find a reason to continue to fight not only the sudanese but also fighting among the tribes in south sudan. South sudan, which separated from sudan in 2011 after almost 40 years of civil war, was drawn into a devastating new conflict in late 20, when a political dispute that overlapped with preexisting ethnic and political fault lines turned violent. War consumes south sudan, a young nation cracking apart the. Johnson is an interesting and detailed look at the political collapse of south sudan, one of the worlds newest sovereign nations. After civil war, south sudan begins hard task of rebuilding. Eight years ago this month, hopes ran high as south sudan declared independence after decades of rule from khartoum. South sudan marks 5 years of vicious civil war more than 4 million people have been uprooted by the bloodletting, the majority of whom are children, according to unicef. In early 2003, just as negotiations to end the civil war were progressing, a new rebellion spawned in the western province of darfur when ethnically african rebel groups, including the sudanese. To prevent further catastrophe, the countrys leaders and its international partners need to consider a radical restructuring of the state.
In 1955, four months before sudan achieved independence, the first sudanese civil war started, with aims of achieving representation and more regional autonomy. She bears witness to south sudans turbulence, one headline. The political economy of militaryislamist state building harry verhoeven isbn. Dec 20, 20 sudans civil war, which raged from the 1980s until a peace deal was brokered in the early 2000s, marks the longest war ever to take place on the african continent. Roughly 70 percent of sudans population before the official secession of south. Ending south sudans civil war council on foreign relations. Pdf south sudan struggle for independence, and its implications. Salva was born in a rural village in southwestern sudan to the dinka tribe.
It was largely a continuation of the first sudanese civil war of 1955 to 1972. Both the government regular armed forces and notorious militia known as the peoples defense forces, pdf were used to attack and raid villages in the south. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service summary south sudan, which separated from sudan in 2011 after almost 40 years of civil war, was drawn into a devastating new conflict in late 20, when a political dispute that overlapped with preexisting ethnic and political fault lines turned violent. South sudans civil war sparks africas largest refugee crisis. All parties have attacked aid workers, and restricted access to populations in need. However, after 11 years of peace the civil war resumed in 1983 when, contrary to addis peace accord, the south was divided into three regions and the shariaa laws were imposed in sudan. Johnson served as special representative of the secretarygeneral and head of the united nations mission in the republic of south sudan from july 2011 until. Achok and mary, two young mothers, water their vegetable gardens early one saturday morning in kuajok. A brief history of the civil war in south sudan comboni. In the first book length study of the south sudan civil war, john young draws on his close but critical relationship with the rebel splmio leadership to reveal the true dynamics of the conflict, and exposes how the south sudanese state was in crisis long before the outbreak of war. The role of mass media in the responsibility to prevent walter c. In countries experiencing conflict and upheaval such as yemen, syria, nigeria, south sudan, the central african republic, the democratic republic of congo and iraq, unicef protects children from military conscription, works to stop trafficking and helps child soldiers reintegrate into their communities.
Books these are the assemblages of books written by south sudanese or foreigners about either the conflict and wars of sudan when it was still one country or about south sudan as an independent state or as a region before independence on. Johnson gives an inside look at south sudan becoming independent as well the conflict that followed. South sudan forges unity government in bid to end civil. Oct 04, 2018 over the course of south sudans fiveyear civil war, ms. For seventeen years, the sudanese government fought the anyanya rebel army. Even as sudan achieved independence from britain in 1956, civil war was already brewing between the north and the south. Years of international efforts to bring an end to decades of conflict by helping to negotiate the comprehensive peace agreement of 2005 and later efforts to ensure a smooth. Its challenges, collapses, proxy interventions, and the courage of its hope.
My holistic treatment of the first civil war is intended to assist in a full understanding the root causes of the second civil war in the sudan, which lasted another twentytwo years from 1983 to 2005. In the first booklength study of the south sudan civil war, john young draws on his close but critical relationship with the rebel splmio leadership to reveal the true dynamics of the conflict, and exposes how the south sudanese state was in crisis long before the outbreak of war. Fighting has spread to pibor, jalle, akobo, and uror in jonglei state, as well as mayendit county in unity state and neighboring counties in warab and lakes states. Support new america we are dedicated to renewing america by continuing the quest to realize our nations highest ideals, honestly confronting the challenges caused by rapid technological and social change, and seizing the opportunities those changes create. South sudanese public, which is understandably fatigued from years of. Hilde johnson takes us inside one of the worlds sketchiest countries. South sudan forges unity government in bid to end civil war that has killed 400,000. South sudanese parents living in regional victoria tell. The north south conflict in historical perspective girma kebbede. Salvas story a lost boy returns, transforming lives in south sudan. Prior to the six day war in 1967, the united kingdom supported the sudanese government. Douglas johnsons the root causes of sudans civil wars was an informative and interesting read. The children of south sudans war face hunger, rape and.
The second sudanese civil war was a conflict from 1983 to 2005 between the central sudanese government and the sudan peoples liberation army. There is no doubt in my mind that the south sudanese civil war has exposed global hypocrisy in a stunning way and i am not quite sure if this level of hypocrisy is a western, african, or eastern one. Hilde johnson, the former united nations mission head in south sudan and author of a new book on the countrys descent into violence since its founding in 2011, came to ipi on october 5 to describe in harrowing detail the circumstances of the fledging states convulsive first five years and to lay responsibility on the very people who embodied its promise five years ago. Jan 15, 2019 following a fragile peace deal signed in september 2018 that ended five years of civil war, south sudans formerly warring parties work to reconcile, even as bouts of violence undermine diplomatic. Displaced south sudanese have received support for food security and livelihoods, including seeds, training, equipment for farming, and fishing kits. The lost boys were a tragic chapter of the second sudanese civil war. Ongoing fighting and a military coup saw an increase of casualties in the south between 1989 and 1994. After nearly three years of civil war, south sudan has ceased to perform. Army coups in 1958 and 1969 plus civil war impeded attempts to build a. Journalist nick turse traveled to the worlds newest country to report on the issue for a story produced in. The untold story from independence to civil war johnson, hilde f. The south sudanese civil war is an ongoing conflict in south sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces. The effect of civil war on the economy of south sudan.
An annotated bibliography of south sudan library of congress. In july 2011, south sudan was granted independence and became the worlds. Hilde johnson, the former united nations mission head in south sudan and author of a new book on the countrys descent into violence since its founding in 2011, came to ipi on october 5 to describe in harrowing detail the circumstances of the fledging states convulsive first five years and to lay responsibility on. Sudanese state, brought the first sudanese civil war to an end.
1173 1491 701 251 1155 396 1460 34 1085 1262 760 230 291 226 1218 234 1248 794 873 142 819 221 34 1376 305 1249 749 1298 848 1423 61 948 603 1150 338 975